Gemstones of the world

Preface

Introduction

Gemstones and Their Influence

Terminology

The Nomenclature of Gemstones

Origin and Structure of Gemstones

Crystal Systems

Properties of Gemstones

Hardness

Cleavage and Fracture

Density and Specific Gravity

Weights Used in the Gem Trade

Optical Properties

Color

Color of Streak

Changes in Color

Refraction of Light

Double Refraction

Dispersion

Absorption Spectra

Transparency

Luster

Pleochroism

Light and Color Effects

Luminescence

Inclusions

Deposits and Production of Gemstones

Types of Deposits

Mining Methods

Cutting and Polishing of Gems

Engraving on Stones

Cutting and Polishing Agate

Cutting and Polishing Colored Stones Cabochon Cutting

Faceting

Ball Cutting

Cylinder Cutting

Drilling Gemstones

Cutting and Polishing Diamond

Types and Forms of Cut

Types of Cut

Forms of Cut

Classifications of Gemstones

Scientific Classification

Commercial Classification

Value of Gemstones

Description of Gemstones

Best-Known Gemstones

Diamond

Diamond Occurrences

Diamond Production

Diamond Trade

Valuation of Diamonds

Famous Diamonds

Development of the Brilliant Cut

Corundum Species

Ruby

Sapphire

Beryl Species

Emerald

Aquamarine

Precious Beryl

Chrysoberyl

Spinel

Topaz

Garnet Group

Zircon

Tourmaline Group

Spodumene Species

Hiddenite

Kunzite

Quartz

Rock Crystal

Smoky Quartz

Amethyst

Amethyst Quartz

Citrine

Prasiolite

Rose Quartz

Aventurine

Prase

Blue Quartz

Quartz Cat's-Eye

Hawk's Eye

Tiger's-Eye

Chalcedony

Cornelian

Sard

Chrysoprase

Bloodstone

Dendritic Agate

Moss Agate

Agate

Layer Stones

Jasper

Petrified Wood

Opal Species

Jade

Peridot

Zoisite Species

Tanzanite

Thulite

Anyolite

Hematite

Pyrite

Feldspar Group

Amazonite

Moonstone

Orthoclase

Labradorite

Aventurine Feldspar

Rhodochrosite

Rhodonite

Turquoise

Lapis Lazuli

Sodalite

Azurite

Malachite

Lesser-Known Gemstones

Andalusite

Euclase

Hambergite

Iolite

Phenakite

Dumortierite

Danburite

Axinite

Benitoite

Cassiterite

Epidote

Idocrase

Sinhalite

Kornerupine

Prehnitc

Petalite

Scapolite

Diopside

Beryllonite

Brazilianite

Amblygonite

Enstatite

Lazulite

Dioptase

Apatite

Sphene

Kyanite

Scheelite

Variscite

Fluorite

Hemimorphite

Smithsonite

Sphalerite

Cerussite

Chrysocolla

Serpentine

Stichtite

Ulexite

Tiger's-Eye Matrix

Gemstones for Collectors

Rocks as Gemstones

Onyx Marble

Tufa

Landscape Marble

Orbicular Diorite

Obsidian

Moldavite

Alabaster

Agalmatolite

Meerschaum

Fossils

Organic Gemstones

Coral

Jet

Cannel Coal

Ivory

Odontolite

Amber

Pearl

Operculum

Mother-of-Pearl

Imitation and Synthetic Gemstones

Imitations

Combined Stones

Synthetic Gemstones

Treatment

Genuineness Test for Diamond

New on the Market

Symbolic and Beneficial Gemstones

Cosmic-Astral Symbolic Stones

Medicinal Stones

Bibliography

Table of Constants

Index

Introduction

Origin and structure of gemstones

Properties of gemstones

Deposits and production of gemstones

Cutting and polishing of gems

Description of gemstones

Best known gemstones

Lesser known gemstones

Gemstones for collectors

Rocks as gemstones

Organic gemstones

New on the market

Imitation gemstones

Symbolism of stones.