Congress of Vienna and aftermath
Bourgeois victory in Western Europe
East of the Rhine : reaction victorious
Louis Philippe and the Revolution of 1848 in France
Liberal defeat in central Europe (1848-1850)
Nationalist failure in Italy (1848-1849)
England: chartism, corn laws, and the Victorian compromise
Napoleon III and the second empire
Bismark and the North German Confederation
The Second Empire in collapse: the Franco-Prussian War
Great Britain (1868-1914)
German Empire (1871-1914)
The Third Republic (1871-1914)
Austria-Hungary and Italy
The Eastern question (1854-1914)
Imperialism in Africa to 1914
Imperialism in Asia to 1914
Diplomatic background of the First World War
The First World War (1914-1916)
The First World War (1917-1918)
The Peace treaties and European stability (1919-1925)
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)
Italy between two wars: fascist rule
The Weimar Republic and the Nazi regime
France and England (1919-1939)
Lesser states of Europe (1919-1939)
British Commonwealth and Empire
European international relations (1925-1939)
Second World War (1939-1942)
Second World War (1943-1945)
From grand alliance to Cold War
European states in the post-war world
